home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- ***************************************************
- * G-protein coupled receptors family 2 signatures *
- ***************************************************
-
- A number of peptide hormones bind to G-protein coupled receptors that, while
- structurally similar to the majority of G-protein coupled receptors (R7G) (see
- the relevant section), do not show any similarity at the level of their
- sequence, thus representing a new family whose current known members are
- listed below:
-
- - Calcitonin [1].
- - Corticotropin Releasing Factor [2].
- - Glucagon [3].
- - Glucagon-like peptide 1 [4].
- - Growth hormone-releasing hormone [5].
- - Parathyroid hormone / parathyroid hormone-related peptide [6].
- - Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide [7].
- - Secretin [8].
- - Vasoactive intestinal peptide [7].
- - Manduca sexta diuretic hormone [9].
- - Caenorhabditis elegans putative receptor ZK643.3.
-
- All these receptors are coupled to G-proteins which activate both adenylyl
- cyclase and the phosphatidylinositol-calcium pathway.
-
- Like classical R7G they seem to contain seven transmembrane regions. Their
- N-terminus is probably located on the extracellular side of the membrane and
- potentially glycosylated, while their C-terminus is probably cytoplasmic. But
- apart from these topological similarities they do share any region of sequence
- similarity and are therefore probably not evolutionary related.
-
- Every receptor gene in this family is encoded on multiple exons, and several
- of these genes are alternatively spliced to yield functionally distinct
- products.
-
- The N-terminal extracellular domain of these receptors contains five conserved
- cysteines residues which could be involved in disulfide bonds; we have
- developed a pattern in the region that spans the first three cysteines.
-
- One of the most highly conserved regions spans the C-terminal part of the last
- transmembrane region and the beginning of the adjacent intracellular region.
- We have used this region as a second signature pattern.
-
- -Consensus pattern: C-x(3)-[FWV]-D-x(3,4)-C-[FW]-x(10,12)-C-[PF]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Consensus pattern: Q-G-[LIVMFY]-[LIVMFYT]-V-[AS]-[LIVMFYT]-[LIVMFY](2)-C-
- [FY]-x-N-x(2)-V
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Expert(s) to contact by email: Kolakowski L.F. Jr.
- lfk@receptor.mgh.harvard.edu
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Patterns and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Lin H.Y., Harris T.L., Flannery M.S., Aruffo A., Kaji E.H., Gorn A.,
- Kolakowski L.F. Jr., Lodish H.F., Goldring S.R.
- Science 254:1022-1024(1991).
- [ 2] Chen R., Lewis K.A., Perrin M.H., Vale W.W.
- Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90:8917-8967(1993).
- [ 3] Jelinek L.J., Lok S., Rosenberg G.B., Smith R.A., Grant F.J., Biggs S.,
- Bensch P.A., Kuijper J.L., Sheppard P.O., Sprecher C.A., O'Hara P.J.,
- Foster D., Walker K.M., Chen L.H.J., McKernan P.A., Kindsvogel W.
- Science 259:1614-1616(1993).
- [ 4] Thorens B.M.
- Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:8641-8646(1992).
- [ 5] Gaylinn B.D., Harrison J.K., Zysk J.R., Lyons C.E., Lynch K.R.,
- Thorner M.O.
- Mol. Endocrinol. 7:77-84(1993).
- [ 6] Jueppner H., Abou-Samra A.-B., Freeman M., Kong X.F., Schipani E.,
- Richards J., Kolakowski L.F. Jr., Hock J., Potts J.T. Jr.,
- Kronenberg H.M., Segre G.V.
- Science 254:1024-1026(1991).
- [ 7] Harmar T., Lutz E.
- Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 15:97-99(1994).
- [ 8] Ishihara T., Nakamura S., Kaziro Y., Takahashi T., Takahashi K.,
- Nagata S.
- EMBO J. 10:1635-1641(1991).
- [ 9] Reagan J.D.
- J. Biol. Chem. 269:9-12(1994).
-